Differences In Level Of Spiritual Well-Being Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Urban And Rural Areas
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) require a prolonged treatment time so that their condition can get worse. This incident is related chiefly to spiritual well-being disorders such as boredom and hopelessness, which results in decreased Diabetes management. The study aims to analyze differences in the spiritual well-being level of T2DM patients in urban and rural areas.
Methods: Quasi-experimental method with a two-group pre-post-test design without control was employed in this study. The population in the rural area were T2DM patients in Matesih Subdistrict, and the population in the urban area were members of the Persadia Ngringo unit whose. Samples were taken using purposive sampling, obtaining 120 people. Data were collected using the SWBS questionnaire made by Ellison and modified with a validity of 0.803 and reliability of 0.911. After the pretest was carried out, the respondents were given a pocketbook and lectures on how to maintain spiritual well-being. Then, a posttest was conducted, obtaining normality of 0.93, causing the data to be analyzed using a t-test.
Results: The spiritual well-being of people with T2DM in villages was 40% higher than those living in cities. The results of the t-test obtained a significant value of 0.04.
Conclusion: There are differences in the spiritual well-being of T2DM patients in urban and rural areas. Attention and support to the spiritual well-being of T2DM patients should be given to carry out diabetes management properly.
Article Details
References
Adejumo.E.N.,Ogundahunsi. O.A.,Adejumo.O.A., Sotunsa.J., &Jagun. O. (2017). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural and urban community in southwest Nigeria using three different definitions. International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 24(2), 1–9. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318284284
Aikins, G., Dodoo, F., Awuah, R.B., Dabo, E.O., Addo, J., Nicolaou, M.,...Agyemang, C. (2019). Knowledge and perceptions of type 2 diabetes among Ghanaian migrants in three European countries and Ghanaians in rural and urban Ghana: The RODAM qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 14, 1–23. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal
Akbari, S., Pazokian.M., Farahani, A.S.A., Nasiri, M., Rajab, A. (2020). We are investigating the effect of spiritual care on the hope of Diabetic patients referred to the Iranian. Diabetes Association: A clinical trial. Arch Pharma Pract, 11, 124–130. Retrieved from https://archivepp.com/storage/models/article/vrM1FqYAAH9Q11ys1xH3c6AFxTdRFUdlVoIosUa9B98wkrkC3RSRxqLrrZF2/investigating-the-effect-of-spiritual-care-on-the-hope-of-diabetic-patients-referred-to-the-irania.pdf
APrzybylko, G., Morton, D.F., & Renfrew, M. E. (2021). Addressing the Covid-19 mental health crisis: A perspective on using interdisciplinary universal interventions. Frontiers Psychology, 12, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644337
Darvyri,P., Christodoulakis,S., Galanakis,M., Avgoustidis.A.G., Thanopoulou, A., Chrousosi, G. P. (2018). On the role of spirituality and religiosity in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus management—A systematic review. Psychology, 9(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.94046
Dinas Kesehatan Kab Karanganyar. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Kab. Karanganyar. Retrieved from http://www.mediafire.com/file/87gmkcnxq4pxep6/PROFIL_KESEHATAN_KAB.KARANGANYAR_2019.pdf/file
Dumus, M., Ciftci,N., Gercek,A., Dumju, Y. (2022). The effect of the Covid ‑19 crisis on hopelessness, loneliness and spiritual well-being of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 61, 1703–1718. https://doi.org/Https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01496-z
Groot, M., G., Pillay, P., Mater,K.J., Fitzpatrick, K.,...Saha, C. (2019). Program ACTIVE II: Outcomes from a randomized, multistate community-based depression treatment for rural and urban adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 42, 1185–1193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-2400
Heidari, S., Rezaei, M., Sajadi,M., Ajorpaz,N.M., Koenig, H. G. (2017). Religious practices and self-care in Iranian patients with type 2 Diabetes. J Relig Health, 56, 683–696. Retrieved from //link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-016-0320-x
Javanmardifard.S., Heidari.S., Sanjari.M., Yazdanmehr.M., & S. . (2020). The relationship between spiritual well-being, hope, and adherence to the treatment regimen in patients with diabetes. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders (2020) 19:941–950 Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 19, 941–950. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00586-
McIntosh. C., Ivory. J.D., Gethin.G., & G. C. . (2019). Optimizing well-being in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of The European Wound Management Association, 20(1), 2. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.35279/jewma201905.02
Molina, R.T., Garcia,A.L.R., Vergora,T.A., Garcia, V.A.F., Guiterrez,V.R., Lozano,K.F., & Barengo, N. C. (2022). Predictors of diabetes risk in urban and rural areas in Colombia. Heliyon, 8, 1–7. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08653
Oloyede, O. (2017). Rural-urban disparities in health and health care in Africa: cultural competence, lay-beliefs in narratives of diabetes among the rural poor in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. African Sociological Review, 21(2), 36–57. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/asr/article/view/167160
Onyishi, C.N., IIechukwu, L.C., Aigbodion, V.V, Eseadi, C. (2021). Impact of spiritual beliefs and faith-based interventions on diabetes management. World J Diabetes, 15(5), 630–641. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.630
Permana, I. (2018). How Religiosity and/or Spirituality Might Influence Self-Care in Diabetes Management : A Structured Review. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 17. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v17i2.35869
Puspasari.S., & D. R. (2021). Quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetic Mellitus in the outpatient department, general public hospital, West Java. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 14(1), 753–759. Retrieved from http://internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/docs/80_puspusarti_original_14_1.pdf
Robinson.D., Moore.N., H. N. (2019). The impact of books on social inclusion and development and well-being among children and young people with severe and profound learning disabilities: Recognizing the unrecognized cohort. Br J Learn Disabil, 47, 91–104. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1111/bld.12262
Romeiro, J., Martin, H., Pinto, S., & Caldeira, S. (2018). Review and characterization of Portuguese theses, dissertations, and papers about spirituality in health. Religions, 9(271), 1–22. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/rel9090271
Salomé, G. M., de Almeida, S. A., Mendes, B., de Carvalho,M. R., Bueno, J. C., Massahud, M. R. Jr., & Ferreira, L. M. (2017). Association of Sociodemographic sectors with spirituality and hope in patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 30(1), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000508446.58173.29
Shenoy, A., Ismaily, M., Bajaj, M. (2020). Diabetes and covid-19: a global health challenge. BMJ Open Diab Res Care, 8, 1–2. https://doi.org/e001450. doi:10.1136/ bmjdrc-2020-001450
Silva, E.O.,Suda,E.Y., Santos,D.P., Verissimo, J.L., Ferreira.J.S.S., Junior, R.H.C., ...Sacco, T. C. N. (2020). Effect of an educational booklet for preventing and treating foot musculoskeletal dysfunctions in people with diabetic neuropathy: the FOotCAre (FOCA) trial II, a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC, 21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-4115-8
Skinner. T.C., & S. I. K. (2021). Willpower beliefs and diabetes distress: a preliminary cross-sectional study. Practical Diabetes, 38(1). Retrieved from https://wchh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pdi.2314
Soudagar.S., & R. M. (2018). Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety and Depression and Their Associations with Spiritual Well-being in Patients with Diabetes. Sadra Medical Science Journal, 6(1), 1–10. Retrieved from //www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=660434
Sun, H., Saeedi,P., Karuranga,S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan,B.N., ...Magliano, d. j. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183, 1–13. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168822721004782
Valizadeh,M.M., Nasiri,T., & Shams, L. (2021). Evaluation of lifestyle of type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic people in rural areas of Rasht, Iran. Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty, 6(4), 71–81. Retrieved from http://sjnmp.muk.ac.ir/article-1-366-fa.html